Sida qalabka ugu caansan ee ku-dhaqanka bukaan-socodka, kormeeraha bukaan-socodka badan ee cabbirka waa nooc ka mid ah calaamadaha bayooloji ee muddada-dheer, ogaanshaha dhowr-beegtiyeed ee xaaladda jireed iyo jireed ee bukaannada bukaannada muhiimka ah, iyo iyada oo loo marayo waqtiga dhabta ah iyo falanqaynta tooska ah iyo habaynta , wakhti ku habboon oo loo beddelo macluumaadka muuqaalka, digniinta tooska ah iyo duubista tooska ah ee dhacdooyinka suurtagalka ah ee nolosha halis gelinaya.Marka lagu daro cabbiraadda iyo la socodka xuduudaha jireed ee bukaannada, waxay sidoo kale la socon kartaa oo ay wax ka qaban kartaa xaaladda bukaannada ka hor iyo ka dib daaweynta iyo qalliinka, waxay ogaan kartaa waqtiga isbeddelka xaaladda bukaannada aadka u xanuunsan, waxayna siin kartaa aasaas aasaasi ah dhakhaatiirta si sax ah u baadho oo u dejiso qorshayaal caafimaad, sidaas darteed si weyn u yaraynaysa dhimashada bukaannada aadka u xanuunsan.
Iyada oo horumarinta tignoolajiyada, walxaha la socodka ee kormeerayaasha bukaan-socodka badan ee cabbiraadaha ayaa ka ballaariyay habka wareegga dhiigga ee neefsiga, dareenka, dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo hababka kale.Module-ka waxa kale oo laga balaadhiyey moduleka ECG ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo (ECG), module neef-mareenka (RESP), moduleka buuxinta ogsijiinta dhiigga (SpO2), moduleka cadaadiska dhiigga ee aan dhiigga lahayn (NIBP) ilaa moduleka heerkulka (TEMP), moduleka cadaadiska dhiigga ee invasive (IBP) , Module barokaca wadnaha (CO), moduleka barokaca wadnaha ee joogtada ah (ICG), iyo dhamaadka neefta kaarboon dioxide module (EtCO2) ), moduleka kormeerka electroencephalogram (EEG), moduleka ilaalinta gaaska suuxinta (AG), moduleka ilaalinta gaaska transcutaneous, suuxinta Qaybta kormeerka qoto dheer (BIS), moduleka la socodka nasashada murqaha (NMT), moduleka la socodka hemodynamics (PiCCO), module makaanikada neefsashada.
Marka xigta, waxa loo qaybin doonaa dhawr qaybood si loo soo bandhigo aasaaska physiological, mabda'a, horumarinta iyo adeegsiga cutub kasta.Aan ku bilowno moduleka electrocardiogram (ECG).
1: Farsamaynta wax soo saarka electrocardiogram
Cardiomyocytes ee loo qaybiyay qanjidhada sinuska, isgoysyada atrioventricular, marinka atrioventricular iyo laamaheeda waxay abuuraan dhaqdhaqaaq koronto inta lagu jiro kicinta waxayna abuuraan beero koronto oo jirka ah.Gelida electrode bir ah ee beertan korontada ah (meel kasta oo jidhka ka mid ah) waxay diiwaangelin kartaa socodka daciifka ah.Goobta korontodu si joogto ah ayey isu beddeshaa marka uu isbeddelo xilliga dhaqdhaqaaqa.
Sababtoo ah sifooyinka kala duwan ee korantada ee unugyada iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee jidhka, electrodes-ka sahaminta ee qaybo kala duwan ayaa diiwaangeliyay isbeddello kala duwan oo suurtagal ah oo ku yimaada wareegga wadnaha kasta.Isbeddelladan yar ee suurtagalka ah ayaa la xoojiyay oo lagu duubay electrocardiograph, qaabka ka soo baxana waxaa loo yaqaan 'electrocardio-gram' (ECG).Electrocardiogram-dhaqameedka caadiga ah waxaa laga duubayaa oogada jidhka, oo loo yaqaan 'electrocardiogram'.
2:Taariikhda tignoolajiyada wadnaha ee electrocardiogram
Sanadkii 1887, Waller, borofisar ku takhasusay physiology ee Isbitaalka Mary's ee Royal Society of England, ayaa si guul leh u diiwaan geliyay kiiskii ugu horreeyay ee elektiroonigga bini'aadamka oo leh korantada korantada, in kasta oo kaliya V1 iyo V2 hirarka ventricle ayaa lagu duubay sawirka, iyo hirarka P ee atrial lama duubin.Laakiin Waller shaqadiisa weyn ee midhaha leh waxay dhiirigelisay Willem Einthoven, oo ku jiray dhagaystayaasha, wuxuuna dhigay shaqada aasaasiga ah ee ugu dambeyntii soo bandhigida tignoolajiyada electrocardiogram.
--------------------------------- (AugustusDisire Walle) ------------------ (Waller waxa uu duubay electrocardiogram-kii ugu horreeyay ee bini aadamka) ----------------------------------- ------------------------ (Capillary electrometer) --------
13-ka sano ee soo socda, Einthoven waxa uu si buuxda isugu dayay in uu daraasad ku sameeyo electrocardiograms oo ay duubeen electrometer-ka capillary.Waxa uu hagaajiyay dhowr farsamooyin oo muhiim ah, isagoo si guul leh u isticmaalaya xadhig galvanometer, korka jirka ee elektiroonigga ah ee lagu duubay filimka sawir-qaadista, wuxuu duubay electrocardiogram wuxuu muujiyay mawjada P atrial, depolarization ventricular B, C iyo repolarization D wave.Sannadkii 1903, electrocardiograms ayaa bilaabay in loo isticmaalo kiliinikada.Sannadkii 1906-dii, Einthoven waxa ay diiwaangelisay electrocardiograms of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter iyo garaaca degdega ah ee ventricular oo isdaba jooga.Sannadkii 1924-kii, Einthoven waxa la guddoonsiiyey Abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee Daawada ee uu curiyey duubista wadnaha.
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3: Horumarinta iyo mabda'a nidaamka hogaanka
Sannadkii 1906, Einthoven wuxuu soo jeediyay fikradda rasaasta addimada laba-cirifoodka.Ka dib markii lagu xidho qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee gacanta midig, gacanta bidix iyo lugta bidix ee bukaanka laba-labo, wuxuu qori karaa laba-cirifoodka addinka elektiroonigga ah (lead I, lead II iyo lead III) oo leh cabbir sare iyo qaab deggan.Sannadkii 1913kii, laba-cirifoodka caadiga ah ee korantada wadnaha ee gacanta ayaa si rasmi ah loo soo bandhigay, waxaana keligiis la isticmaalayey 20 sano.
Sannadkii 1933kii, Wilson wuxuu ugu dambayntii dhammaystiray qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee macdanta "lead Unipolar", kaas oo go'aamiyay booska eber ka iman kara iyo korantada dhexe sida uu qabo sharciga hadda Kirchhoff, wuxuuna aasaasay nidaamka 12-lead ee shabakadda Wilson.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamka 12-lead ee Wilson, cabbirka waveform waveform ee korantada ee 3 addinka unipolar wuxuu horseedaa VL, VR iyo VF waa hooseeyaa, taas oo aan fududayn in la cabbiro lana ilaaliyo isbeddellada.Sannadkii 1942-kii, Goldberger waxa uu sameeyay cilmi-baadhis dheeraad ah, taas oo keentay in hoggaanka addimada cadaadisku saaran yahay ee aan cidhiidhiga ahayn ee weli la isticmaalo maanta: aVL, aVR, iyo aVF.
Halkaa marka ay marayso, nidaamka 12-lead ee caadiga ah ee loogu talagalay duubista ECG ayaa la soo bandhigay: 3 hoggaan ee addimada laba-cirifoodka ah (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Einthoven, 1913), 6 hoggaan naasaha midaysan (V1-V6, Wilson, 1933), iyo 3 cadaadis unug hogaanka addimada (aVL, aVR, aVF, Goldberger, 1942).
4: Sida loo helo ECG signal wanaagsan
1. Diyaarinta maqaarka.Maadaama maqaarku yahay kirishbooy liita, daaweynta saxda ah ee maqaarka bukaanka halka electrodes la dhigo waa lagama maarmaan si loo helo calaamadaha korantada ee ECG.Dooro kuwa siman oo muruqa yar
Maqaarka waa in lagu daaweeyaa si waafaqsan hababka soo socda: ① Timaha jirka ka saar meesha korantada la dhigo.Si tartiib ah u xoq maqaarka meesha electrode la dhigo si aad uga saarto unugyada maqaarka dhintay.③ Maqaarka si fiican ugu maydh biyo saabuun ah (ha isticmaalin ether iyo aalkolo saafi ah, sababtoo ah tani waxay kordhinaysaa caabbinta maqaarka).④ U ogolow maqaarku inuu si buuxda u engego ka hor inta aanad dhejin korantada.⑤ Ku rakib xirmooyinka ama badhamada ka hor inta aanad saarin elektiroonigga bukaanka.
2. U fiirso dayactirka fiilada sunta rasaasta, mamnuuc in la dabaylo oo la xidho siliga rasaasta, ka ilaali lakabka gaashaanka ee siligga rasaasta in uu waxyeello gaadho, oo wakhti ku habboon ka nadiifi wasakhda ku dheggan xadhigga rasaasta ama xidhidhka si aad uga hortagto oksaydhka rasaasta.
Waqtiga boostada: Oct-12-2023
